How to Create a Windmill Blade

BLADES

VC blades are an excellent, quick, light, cheap and very easy. So how do you make them? 

Choose the right size.

First you need to go through the usual "how big do you need them". Once you have decided the length you need to go and get your pvc pipe. It goes without saying you need to buy the same length as the blades. What size is governed by a bit of common sense. But incase you are not sensible, your pipe should be about 1/5 as thick as it is long. eg if you have 50 cm blades the pvc pipe should have a diameter of 10 cm. One length of pvc pipe can can make four blades.

So now you should have bought your pvc pipe and carted it back home. 

Quarter the pvc pipe.

First of all we want to quarter the pipe. Now drawing straight line and measuring on round surfaces is hard, so the best method is to get a large sheet of paper. If you wrap the sheet tightly around the pipe you get a straight line round the pipe. If you line one edge of the paper with this line you can get straight lines going down the pipe. With the paper wrapped round the pipe you can mark the circumference. Then you can fold the paper in half and mark half way round the pipe. Then in half again and get quarters of the pipes. With these methods you should be able to draw good straight lines all over the pipe dividing it lengthways into quarters. Now run your saw down the pipe to cut it in half. Like so.

And then again into quarters.

Shape each quarter

Now for each of our four quarters we want to do two things
1) Cut out a rectangle from the base about 5 cms in, so we can easily attach it to whatever we want to. Before you do the cut, drill a hole in the corner to improve the structural integrity of the material. Once the hole is drilled cut the rectangles out being careful not to cut past the hole.
2) Cut from the high tip of the base to the point.

All Done

Then we are all done. We have four blades ready to use.

HOW TO SETUP A SAFE/QUARANTINE ROOM

HOW TO SETUP A SAFE/QUARANTINE ROOM

DISASTER SAFE ROOM

A safe room is an ultra-secure location within a residence.
The concept of a safe room is simple, prepare a room within
the interior of the home where the family can safely retreat
during a threat and wait for help while potentially lowering
the potential of the threat.

SEALING A SAFE ROOM

Pick a room with few, or if possible, no windows. Higher stories
are better because chemical agents sink. If possible, pick a
room with water, a toilet(makeshift if need be) and an electrical
outlet. Set aside plenty of duct tape for sealing, doors, windows and
vents. Prepare a 72 hour Go Pack and keep it in the room. Keep
inexpensive breathing filters in the room, rated at N95 or better
for each family member.

HOW TO PREPARE THE SEALED ROOM

All supplies should already be in the room.

To seal a room in a bio-chem emergency, first shut off all air intakes
into the house (heat, air, attic fans, ceiling fans, etc.). If your home
is heated with gas or uses gas appliances, shut off the gas. Get
into the sealed room , and take your gas mask with you if you have one.
In the selected room, run tape along any windows where the glass joins 

 the sill, where the sill meets the frame, and over all window seams and joins.


Entirely cover the windows with polethylene sheeting, trash bags or
painter's drop plastic sheeting that you can buy at the dollar tree or
plastic shower curtains, anchoring the sheeting on every side on the
wall around the window, and seal the sheeting to the wall thoroughly
with duct tape.
When all the members of the family have entered the room, complete
the sealing of the room by using adhesive tapes such as duck tape,
packing tape, masking tape or painter's tape between the door
and the frame and between the frame and the wall. The space
between the door and the floor should be covered with a towel.
I’d pack that in firmly and seal it with duct tape as well.


Leave the front door unlocked, so as to allow rescue units to get into
the house if needed. Your room still may not be perfectly air tight, but
the air intake is quite diminished. Turn on the radio to get information.

Wait for an “All Clear” from the radio or from local municipal rescue/defense.
The wait could last for several hours.

Ideally, a sealed room has its own emergency filter that blocks particles
and purifies the air from toxins. In the event of an emergency though, tape
a towel to the back of the door so that it drapes over the space between
the floor and the bottom of the door and lightly tuck it under to act as
a filter but still allow some air flow into a room. When there is no door
but an archway is sealed with plastic, cut a 4 inch by 4 inch hole in the
plastic sheeting at head level then tape a towel over the hole to act as
an air filter using a bleach/water solution periodically sprayed on the
towel if a biological threat and vinegar if chemical or just plain water
for radioactive dust.


HOW TO CREATE A QUARANTINE ROOM

Using a separate room then your safe room either on the first floor or
the foyer area of the front door. Using duck tape and plastic sheeting
such as mentioned earlier, seal off the area, but only either unlocking
a window or the door by which potentially contaminated persons can
enter the room. Place 72 hours worth of food and water along with the
means to wash themselves and several trash bags, a change of clothing
and a means of using the toilet, be it a bucket or a cooking pot and the
necessary supplies to re-seal the room. Once all the supplies are
placed in the area, seal off the area and signal the person or persons
to enter the quarantine area. Once they are inside direct them to seal
their entrance into the room and strip off all clothing and place them
in a trash bag and then place that trash bag in another trash bag and
seal it as well by tying it then taping it shut. Next, have them wash
themselves with soap and water paying extra attention to your hair or
1 part bleach to 10 parts water solution if a biological threat placing the
dirty water and rags in the makeshift toilet only if using soap and water,
never urinate in any solution containing bleach as there is a chemical reaction

 between the ammonia in your urine and chlorine bleach creating a toxic
chlorine gas that eats holes in your lungs and will kill you in an hour or so

 depending on the concentration of the gas and the size of the quarantine room.
Have them put on the new, clean clothes and get comfortable because
they will have to remain there for 72 hours before entering the rest
of the house with everyone else to ensure that they are not infected
or carriers for a biological agent. Keep the supplies ready so you
can re-use the quarantine room again if need be. 

If it is a radiological threat, once they have washed and changed clothes 

they should be able to join the rest of the group in the house. If the threat

is radiological, which ever side of the safe room you are using that is 

closest to an exterior house wall should be layered in radiation shielding 

material at least 3 feet high for you and your family to hide behind. 

This can be tipping over your refrigerator, re-positioning your washer

 and dryer, filling a plastic tub with water or stacking cases of bottled water.

 Draw a diagram of your first floor of your house. Now draw where all

 metal doors, fire places, and all large typical household metal appliances

 such as washer/dryer/dish washer/refrigerator and stove are. 

Now draw straight lines from the edges of these items

 through the house in the direction aiming towards the center of the house

 and shade in the area between the lines as if they were casting a shadow.

 These shaded areas are initial areas with lowered intensity potential for

 radiation penetration into your home. Pick a room where these shaded

 areas intersect and either is or close to the center of the house's floor

 plan, this room is typically the laundry room or pantry on the first floor

 or the kitchen or half bath nearest the main corridor in apartments. 

These areas will usually offer the greatest shielding and distance from 

radioactive fallout's radiation emissions.


HOW TO DECONTAMINATE YOURSELF

In order to decontaminate for radioactive dust or ash:

Remove all clothing and place inside a plastic trash bag then double
seal it by placing it in another trash bag and sealing it with tape. Next,
scrub yourself with soap and water paying extra attention to your hair
and the exposed parts of your body with hair such as your arms, legs
and face. Blow your nose or clean out your nostrils with tissue.

In order to decontaminate for a biological agent:

Remove all clothing and place inside a plastic trash bag then double
seal it by placing it in another trash bag and sealing it with tape. Next,
scrub yourself with 1 part bleach and 10 parts water solution over
your body paying special attention to your finger nails but not your
hair, face or sensitive areas, where you should use soap and water.
Blow your nose or clean out your nostrils with tissue.

In order to decontaminate for chemical agent:

Remove all clothing and place inside a plastic trash bag then double
seal it by placing it in another trash bag and sealing it with tape. Next,
using either activated charcoal, regular(non-quick lighting) charcoal
briquettes(if it smells like lighter fluid then don't use it) or crushed
wood coals(refer to how to make coal), scrub your skin that was exposed to
the chemical agent to include your face, neck and exposed arms and legs then
wash it off with soap and water. Blow your nose or clean out your nostrils

 with tissue.

RISK FACTORS FOR A BIOLOGICAL ATTACK:

All biological weapons have a high failure rate in terrorist attacks because
even though they are quite deadly dispersal/delivery of them in an effective
way is difficult. Changes in ph of air quality, changes in temperature and
humidity, changes in environment, and life span of the entity itself make
efficient delivery of these bacteria and viruses difficult.

For example, Anthrax is, for all intents and purposes, 100 percent deadly
when it enters the lungs of human beings. The minimum fatal dose for a
person is one Anthrax spore. Yet spores that are small enough to infiltrate
the blood vessels of the human lungs also tend to be highly static.
They clump together and adhere to dust and dirt particles, which then
make them too big to infiltrate the lungs. This problem of Anthrax delivery
means that any people at “ground zero” of an Anthrax attack would
probably be infected if they were directly exposed to a cloud or vapor
falling on them. But those who get a warning signal and retreat into
sealed rooms would have a good chance of survival.

Anthrax has a very small rate of “secondary uptake,” which means that
once it hits the ground, it tends to end its delivery cycle. People who
shelter in sealed rooms would have the unpleasant task of waiting it out
for hours (as long as 24 hours) before they could move, and then would
have to wait for days to see if they were infected or not, but as long as
they remained calm and secluded from sprayed or “treated” (ie, infected)
areas, they could escape infection.

Smallpox is far more persistent than Anthrax, (though less fatal, with a
mortality rate at about 33% – 66%), and people at ground zero of an
attack would fare the worst. But once it has been identified, people
secure from the initial infection would have to be prepared to quarantine
themselves to avoid contact from victims whose symptoms would not
appear for several weeks. As difficult as this is, our society is better
equipped to do this than it’s ever been before. Telecommuting is a
fact of life.

Dispersing biological agents in a crop dusting plane is currently the
quickest, most effective scenario yet envisioned. But the plane would
have to fly quite low to drop enough of a concentration in a stable
medium. From the evidence of one would-be terrorist who was
arrested on September 22, 2001, using crop dusting equipment has
at least entered the minds of some terrorist planners. But has not yet
been attempted.

The more likely and dangerous alternative is for a biological weapon
to be entered into the water supply unless it is a more contagious and
aggressive biological agent. Filtering and water purification in the home
may hinder the effectiveness of such a plan, and certainly boiling water
for six minutes would probably kill any biological entity. But poisoning
could occur and last for several days before symptoms appear.
Drinking bottled water or at least boiling all water that comes from the
tap (for six minutes) before you drink it might be a good precautionary
step, if you fear a biological attack.

Chemical warfare terrorism is much more likely in terms of past
successes with chemical agents. Mustard gas canisters can be
opened and their vapors simply allowed to disperse—no explosions,
no bursts of munitions, just quiet vapors. Their damage would not
be known for a couple days. An unsuspecting and crowded public
could suffer catastrophic pain, injury, blindness, and loss of life two
days after the fact of exposure. This is one of the most realistic and
horrifying of scenarios. Yet it is one that an educated public can
prevent. Do not stand in any area where vapors are escaping.
Teach your children not to stand in plumes of smoke or run
through any vaporous substance. Iraq used mustard gas in smoke
bombs, thus enticing Iranian soldiers to run into the smoke to
pursue supposedly retreating enemy soldiers. It was a highly
successful ruse.

People in crowded or enclosed places are in the greatest danger
of a terrorist chemical agent attack. Granted, a city might just get
bombed by chemical warheads, but that scenario is not nearly as
likely as a crowded building being sealed off from the outside and
a chemical agent introduced into the ventilation system or simply
opened up in the corners.

We know from the Tokyo subway attack that subways, terminals,
even trains and planes are in the most danger of attacks like these.
As are crowded buildings—especially theaters, which have no
windows and are dark.

Many people buy gas masks, but chem-bio weapons can strike
when a gas mask and bio-suit are out of range. And for the terrorist,
that’s the ideal situation. So the answer is to be smarter than
terrorists. Avoid crowded and dark, enclosed building interiors
that rely heavily on a ventilation system rather than open windows
and fresh air. Visit enclosed buildings only when it’s necessary, in
their off-peak hours. (Remember, as we learned on September 11,
our enemies like to make grand displays in very public places.) For
example, go to the mall as soon as it opens or at around three in
the afternoon on weekdays: NOT on Saturdays at noon. Don’t go
to movies on opening night. If you are in a crowded, enclosed
building, always know where the exits are and your path to reach
them. Don’t linger; just complete your tasks and leave. Simply
being very aware of your immediate environment has always been
the first good defense.

How to make Soap out of VEGETABLE OILS

Things You'll Need:

·         Coconut Oil

·         Distilled Waters

·         Non-virgin Olive (not Virgin) Oil

·         Vegetable Oils

·         Vinegar

·         Fragrant Essential Oils

·         Lye

·         Measuring Cups And Spoons

Soap Making 101

1.       Dissolve 12 oz. lye in 32 oz. softened water(purified water) in a plastic or glass bowl. If at all possible, do this outside or under an exhaust fan. You can buy lye at your local wal-mart.

2.       Add the lye to the water, not vice versa. Pour the lye slowly and in a steady stream, and stir constantly with a plastic spoon.

3.       Set the mixture aside to cool as it will heat up due to a chemical reaction between the lye and water. The mixture will also heat up considerably due to the lye reacting with fats in the oils when mixed later. This is called saponification.

4.       Melt 24 oz. coconut oil and 38 oz. solid vegetable shortening in a stainless steel pot.

5.       Add 25 oz. olive oil (not virgin) and any fragrance oils you want to use. Other oils can be used besides olive. Heat the oils between 110 to 150 degrees, do not allow to boil.

6.       Allow the oils to cool.

7.       Grease the soap mold with Crisco.

8.       When both the oil and lye mixtures have cooled to room temperature, slowly combine them, adding the lye to the oils.

9.       Stir slowly and constantly. If you see bubbles, stir more slowly.

10.   Drizzle the soap into the pot once in a while. When it keeps its shape momentarily before sinking into the rest of the mix (tracing), it's time to add whatever extras you want.

11.   Stir your botanicals, grains and coloring into a cup of soap taken from the mix.

12.   Combine that back into the original mixture.

13.   Pour the soap into the mold.

14.   Wrap the mold in a towel and leave it undisturbed for 18 hours. The soap mixture will heat up and then cool down. Avoid uncovering it until it's cooled.

15.   Allow the soap to sit in the uncovered mold for another 12 hours.

16.   Loosen the sides by wiggling the mold a little.

17.   Turn the mold over onto a clean counter.

18.   Cut the soap into bars with a knife. Some people use a miter box to make square corners.

19.   Allow the bars to cure for three to four weeks before using. Smaller bars cure faster than larger ones.

Additives

Colors: Mix candle coloring into the oil solution. If it's wax-based, melt it first in a couple of tablespoons of oil and then add it to the rest of the oil mix.

·         Realize that you can also use crayons for coloring. Experiment with colors. Note that purples are very difficult to keep true.

·         Use 1 tsp. per pound of soap of the following ingredients:

o    cocoa powder for brown

o    cayenne pepper for pink-peach

o    liquid chlorophyll for light green

o    turmeric for yellow

o    paprika for peach

o    titanium dioxide for white.

Scent:  Use 1 oz. essential oil to scent a 4-lb. batch of soap.

·         2 tsp. ground cloves makes a great-smelling soap. Try grated orange or lemon peel or ginger, too.

Rose Soap: Use rose water instead of regular water for rose soap.

For complexion soap: Oatmeal makes a great complexion soap. Use 8 oz.

Exfoliate: Add 4 oz. cornmeal for a gritty texture.

Soap for Dry Skin: Make soap with 1/2 oz. geranium oil for dry skin.

Sensitive Skin Soap: Use tea tree oil - 1/2 oz. for problem skin.

EXPOSED TO RADIATION

EXPOSED TO RADIATION? NOW WHAT DO YOU DO?

What is Radiation?

Radiation is a form of energy that is present all around us. Different types of radiation exist, some of which have more energy than others. Amounts of radiation released into the environment are measured in units called

curies. However, the dose of radiation that a person receives is measured

in units called rem.

How Can Exposure Occur?

People are exposed to small amounts of radiation every day, both from naturally

occurring sources (such as elements in the soil or cosmic rays from

the sun), and man-made sources. Man-made sources include some electronic

equipment (such as microwave ovens and television sets), medical sources

(such as x-rays, certain diagnostic tests, and treatments), and from

nuclear weapons testing. 

The amount of radiation from natural or man-made sources to which people

are exposed is usually small; a radiation emergency (such as a nuclear

power plant accident or a terrorist event) could expose people to small

or large doses of radiation, depending on the situation. 

Scientists estimate that the average person in the United States receives a dose

of about one-third of a rem per year. About 80% of human exposure comes

from natural sources and the remaining 20% comes from man-made radiation

sources – mainly medical x-rays. 

Internal exposure refers to radioactive material that is taken into the body

through breathing, eating, or drinking. 

External exposure refers to an exposure to a radioactive source outside of our

bodies.

Contamination refers to particles of radioactive material that are deposited anywhere

that they are not supposed to be, such as on an object or on a person’s skin.

What Types of Terrorist Events Might Involve Radiation?

Possible terrorist events could involve introducing radioactive material into

the food or water supply, using explosives (like dynamite) to scatter

radioactive materials (called a “dirty bomb”), bombing or destroying

a nuclear facility, or exploding a small nuclear device. 

Although introducing radioactive material into the food or water supply most

likely would cause great concern or fear, it probably would not cause

much contamination or increase the danger of adverse health effects.

Although a dirty bomb could cause serious injuries from the explosion, it most

likely would not have enough radioactive material in a form that would

cause serious radiation sickness among large numbers of people. However,

people who were exposed to radiation scattered by the bomb could have

a greater risk of developing cancer later in life, depending on their

dose. 

A meltdown or explosion at a nuclear facility could cause a large amount

of radioactive material to be released. People at the facility would

probably be contaminated with radioactive material and possibly be injured

if there was an explosion. Those people who received a large dose might

develop acute radiation syndrome. People in the surrounding area could

be exposed or contaminated. 

Clearly, an exploded nuclear device could result in a lot of property damage.

People would be killed or injured from the blast and might be contaminated

by radioactive material. Many people could have symptoms of acute radiation

syndrome. After a nuclear explosion, radioactive fallout would extend

over a large region far from the point of impact, potentially increasing

people’s risk of developing cancer over time. 

How Can I Protect Myself During a Radiation Emergency?

After a release of radioactive materials, local authorities will monitor the

levels of radiation and determine what protective actions to take.

The most appropriate action will depend on the situation. Tune to the local

emergency response network or news station for information and instructions

during any emergency.

If a radiation emergency involves the release of large amounts of radioactive

materials, you may be advised to “shelter in place,” which means to

stay in your home or office; or you may be advised to move to another

location.

If you are advised to shelter in place, you should do the following:

• Close and lock all doors and windows. 
• Turn off fans, air conditioners, and forced-air heating units that bring in fresh air from the outside. Only use units to recirculate air that is already in the building. 
• Close fireplace dampers. 
• If possible, bring pets inside. 
• Move to a sealed room or basement. 
• Keep your radio tuned to the emergency response network or local news to find out what else you need to do.
• If you are advised to evacuate, follow the directions that your local officials provide. Leave the area as quickly and orderly as possible. 
• Take your Go Pack.
• Take pets only if you are using your own vehicle and going to a place you know will accept animals. Emergency vehicles and shelters usually will not accept animals. If you are unable to take your pets you have three choices: either let your pets loose, leave them to their own trapped in the house or put them out of their misery. Most will likely release their pets to the open to fend for themselves, giving them at least a fighting chance. One thing to consider though is that it may be a good idea to release cats into the wild but to either kill the family dog or leave it locked up inside the house as they will become aggressive threats to any human survivors as predators and potential carriers of rabies.

Health

Effects of Radiation Exposure

Radiation affects the body in different ways, but the adverse health consequences

of exposure may not be seen for many years.

Adverse health effects range from mild effects, such as skin reddening, to serious

effect such as cancer and death. These adverse health effects are determined

by the amount of radiation absorbed by the body (the dose), the type of radiation,

the route of exposure, and the length of time a person is exposed.

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), or radiation sickness, is usually caused when

a person receives a high dose of radiation, to much for the body to handle in a

matter of minutes. Survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs

and firefighters responding to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant event

in 1986 experienced ARS. The immediate symptoms of ARS are nausea, vomiting,

and diarrhea; later, bone marrow depletion may lead to weight loss,

loss of appetite, feeling like you have the flu, infection, and bleeding.

The survival rate depends on the radiation dose. For those who do survive,

full recovery takes from a few weeks to 2 years.

Children exposed to radiation may be more at risk than adults. Radiation exposure

to the unborn child is of special concern because the human embryo or

fetus is extremely sensitive to radiation.

Radiation exposure, like exposure to the sun, is cumulative.

Protecting Against Radiation Exposure

The three basic ways to reduce radiation exposure (STD):

• SHIELDING: Increase the shielding between you and the radiation source. Shielding is anything that creates a barrier between people and the radiation source. Depending on the type of radiation, the shielding can range from something as thin as a plate of window glass or as thick as several feet of concrete. Being inside a building or a vehicle can provide shielding from some kinds of radiation while a dust mask or clothing will shield you from others. 
• TIME: Decrease the amount of time you spend near the source of radiation.
• DISTANCE: Increase your distance from a radiation source.

RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT

Fallout arriving within a few hours after a nuclear explosion is highly radioactive. If it collects on the skin in large enough quantities it can cause beta burns. People who are caught outside in fallout should brush fallout particles off themselves and shake out their outer garments as soon as they get inside. Some people may be carrying umbrellas and wearing raincoats to keep the fallout particles off their skin and hair. Most fallout particles will be like grains of fine, dark sand and can be easily brushed off from dry surfaces. Fallout particles may stick to moist or oily surfaces, including sweaty or oily skin or hair. These surfaces should be carefully wiped or washed off. If contaminated hair cannot be washed, it should be thoroughly brushed or combed, with frequent shaking and wiping of the hair and also of the brush or comb. It is not necessary to get the last speck of fallout out of the clothing or hair or off the skin. A few grains of fallout carried by each person into the safest parts of the home or shelter will produce no noticeable increase in the radiation hazard and will not be detectable by the radiological instruments. 

Daily sweeping of the area for hygienic reasons will eliminate most fallout particles that may be carried into the area even after decontamination procedures. After they have shaken out their clothing and wiped off their exposed skin, they should dust off their shoes with a brush or broom before moving further into the shelter and sweep the area. If the shoes are caked with mud or dust, they should be left in the quarantine area or outside. Because the fallout particles will fall down to the floor, decontamination of a person should begin with the head and end with the feet. Brushing off or removing the shoes will be the last step of decontamination before a person enters the safer parts of your home or shelter.

Taking Potassium Iodide (KI)

Potassium iodide, also called KI, only protects a person’s thyroid gland from exposure to radioactive iodine. KI will not protect a person from other radioactive materials or protect other parts of the body from exposure to radiation. 

It must be taken prior to exposure (for example, if people hear that a radioactive cloud is coming their way) or immediately after exposure to be effective. Taking KI is not recommended unless there is a risk of exposure to radioactive iodine which is a major uranium fission product and of fissionable materials used in nuclear power 

plants. Taking (KI) is most advisable in the event of a radioactive dirty bomb detonation or meltdown of a nuclear power plant. KI (potassium salts) saturate the thyroid preventing it from absorbing radioactive iodine. The most likely 

scenario is radioactive fallout from a nuclear power plant meltdown, even possibly fallout originating from far overseas, but would at the most only require 10-14 days protection from radioiodine by taking Potassium Iodide (KI) tablets and 

having pre-stocked safe food and water in case people panic and stampede food stores. 

USING IODINE TO SHIELD AGAINST RADIATION

In an emergency, if you are unable to acquire KI tablets, you can topically (on the skin) apply an iodine solution, like tincture of iodine or Betadine, for a similar protective effect. (WARNING: Iodine is NEVER to be ingested or swallowed, it is poison to drink.) For adults, paint, 8 ml of a 2 percent tincture of Iodine on the abdomen or forearm each day, ideally at least 2 hours prior to initial exposure for absorption. For children 3 to 18, but under 150 pounds, only half that amount painted on daily, or 4 ml. For children under 3 but older than a month, half again, or 2 ml. For newborns to 1 month old, half it again, or just 1 ml. (One measuring teaspoon is about 5 ml, if you don't have a medicine dropper graduated in ml.) If your iodine solution is stronger than 2%, reduce the dosage accordingly. 

Absorption through the skin is not as reliable a dosing method as using the tablets, but tests show that it will still be very effective for most. Use half these doses when using 10% providone iodine solution.

Drinking Red Wine to Shield Against Radiation

One of the isotopes likely to be released in a fissionable reactor is strontium 90, which is absorbed in the bones as beta radiation because it´s chemically similar to calcium. So you end up with nuked bones cooking you up from the inside out, same as beta radiation from radioactive ash fallout following a nuclear detonation. Wine, and apparently red in particular, contains strontium 85 which is non radioactive, so if you load up on red wine following a nuclear detonation or reactor meltdown, you saturate the amount of strontium your body can absorb with the non-radioactive strontium 85 and thus the bad isotope strontium 90 just passes through in your urine unable to attach to the bones.

Drinking Liquor to Flush Radiation

Drinking liquor helps flush radioactive alpha particles that have been ingested through your system by acting as a diuretic forcing your body to dump excess water. This of course can probably be achieved by drinking copious 

amounts of water but would not be anywhere near as much fun. Plus, the effects of alcohol may help alleviate the stress of the situation in which you are currently in. Some argue that another reason to use liquor instead of water is that alcohol makes the blood viscous preventing particles that lodge in the bones from being able to get to the bones and are flushed out in the urine, either way you had me sold at liquor. Apparently this is what the general Russian public was taught during the cold war in order for them to protect themselves following a nuclear war from radiation was to drink vodka as it was their responsibility to the state to remain alive and fit to help rebuild the country in order to ensure they were able to strike back at their enemies, you've gotta love their survivalist mindset. 

How to make Rope

How to make Rope

HOW TO MAKE SIMPLE CORDAGE

How to make simple cordage
Simple bow strings are essentially braided cordage--the same process is used to make both rope and Flemish strings. The ability to braid a bow string is a valuable tool for the self-reliant archer, but it can also be used in any number of environments that requires improvised cordage, including camping, survival situations and even craft making. Choose a good quality fiber for making a bow string, such as Dacron, Brownell's B-50 material or artificial sinew.

Instructions

Things You'll Need:

Quality string/green bark strips/cloth strips ect...

1
Cut 12 strands of string fiber(dental floss),3 strips of green bark or 3 strips cloth to the desired length. Note that the string will length will be somewhat shorter than the length of the fibers due to the twisting process involved. For a bow string, cut your fibers 5 inches longer than the length of your bow.

2
Grasp the fibers 2 inches from their ends with two fingers on your left hand. Separate the long ends of the fibers into two groups of six fibers.

3
Twist one group of fibers clockwise with your right thumb and forefinger. While holding these twisted fibers, grasp the other group with your free right-hand fingers and pull it counterclockwise under the twisted bundle. Slide your
left-hand fingers up slightly to hold the twist in place.

4
Take the untwisted bundle in your right hand and twist it clockwise as you did in Step 3. Still holding this bundle, reach and pull the other fibers counterclockwise beneath it. Slide your left-hand fingers forward again.

5
Repeat Steps 3 and 4 until you have braided the desired length of string to be used as rope or latching. Knot off the ends for cordage or tie slip knots to use as a simple bow string.

HOW TO MAKE BOWSTRING FROM SINEW

HOW TO MAKE BOWSTRING FROM SINEW

How to make bowstring from sinew

Bowstrings can be made out of a variety of materials, however one durable and readily available material is sinew. Sinew is the dried tendons of an animal and is extremely tough with very little stretch. These qualities make sinew a useful candidate for making a bowstring, as you want as little stretch as possible and durability for repeated shots. Once you have procured and dried your sinew, follow the steps below to build a long lasting, durable bowstring.

1.1

Cut the piece of sinew to a length twice that of your final bowstring length. Determine the length of your finished bowstring by subtracting four inches from the total length of the bow. Double this number and that is how much sinew you will need.

2.2

Soak the sinew in cool water for a few hours to get it pliable enough to work with. Fold the sinew over in the middle and twist the end 5-6 times. Slide one of the ends of the strands through the small loop you made in the middle of the sinew to form a large loop in the bowstring.

3.3

Place the stick inside the large loop you just made and then hang the loop from a nail that you pounded into a tree. Tie the ends of the two strands of sinew to the paint bucket and then twist the string tightly until the entire string is twisted, but not bunched. Allow the string to dry like this for 2-3 days.

4.4

Rub beeswax on the string after the 2-3 day drying period and remove the paint bucket and stick from the ends. Your new string is now ready to mount on the bow of your choice.

Note: Another option if you are unable to get ahold of long sinew from large game is to collect sinew from small game. Scrape off all meat from the tendons and allow to dry. Pound the dried tendons between two rocks and pull apart the fibers. Soak the fibers in water or moisten by chewing them, either or. Now weave them together like you are braiding someone's hair. When you have enough, wrap one end over a stick and tie the loose ends over it's self. Continue to braid until the desired length is achieved then coat the cordage in hide glue. Attach another stick to the other end and allow to dry.

Fictional Book Reviews on Survival

Here are a few books that I have read and that several of my readers have rated.  Some of the ratings I agree with, others I do not.  All of these books have something unique to offer.

Book	Author	Abbreviated Subject	Writing Quality	Overall Rating
Patriot	James W. Rawles	Economic collapse of the United States.  United Nations tries to take over	4	8
Survivors	James W. Rawles	Soldier in Afghanistan trapped overseas when the a collapse occurs.	4	5
Alas, Babylon	Pat Frank	Classic nuclear war scenario.	6	8
One Second After	William R. Forstchen	EMP takes out much of the United States.	6	9
‘ Dies the Fire series	S.M. Stirling	After an EMP,  firearms do not work (I don’t know why, but that is what happens).  Everyone fights with swords, etc.	8	7
The Survivalist series	Jerry Ahern	I read twelve of them.  A lot of flaws in the plot.	5	4
Lights Out	David Crawford	EMP hits the United States.  Neighborhood sticks together as a group to survive.	6	8
The Stand	Stephen King	Plague kills 98% or humans.  Battle between good and evil survivors.  Big book—around 1,500 pages.	7	7
Hunger Games	Suzanne Collins	Post nuclear war.	7	8
The Jakarta Pandemic	Steven Konkoly	Flu in the United States in 2013 kills about 25% of population dies.	5	7
Lucifer’s Hammer	Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle	Massive earthquakes disrupt social order.  Set in CA.	7	8
American Apocalypse	NOVA	Economic collapse	4	2