Edible insects; you
may feel that these two words do not even belong in the same sentence. You have
every right to be skeptical. In all probability, you have never deliberately
ate an insect. However you have probably inadvertently consumed over a pound of
insects in your lifetime.
Your insect
consumption adds up. Flour beetles, weevils, and other insect pests that infest
granaries are milled along with the grain, finally ending up as tiny black
specks in your piece of bread. Small grubs and other tiny insects can be found
in your fruit and vegetables. Insects are especially common in canned and other
types of processed food, and even in certain beverages; I once went on a tour
of an apple orchard and while the group was viewing the area where they separate
the rotten and bug infested fruits from the good ones, I asked the tour guide
what they did with the bug infested apples. She told me that they use them to
make cider; waste not, want not! It is virtually impossible that you have not
ingested insects in one form or another during your lifetime. And it probably
did not harm you, but instead did you some good by providing extra protein in
your meal!
There are a number of points that I would like to make:
· Some insects are edible. In fact, most insects
are edible, but there are a few species that are especially palatable,
nutritious, and easily obtainable. I will concentrate on these.
· Many species of insects are lower in fat,
higher in protein, and have a better feed to meat ratio than beef, lamb, pork,
or chicken.
· Insects are tasty. Really! Even if you
are too squeamish to have them as a main dish, you can make insect flour and
add it to bread and other dishes for an added protein boost.
· Insects are easy to raise. There is no manure
forking. No hay bale lifting. No veterinary bills. You can raise them in an
apartment without getting complaints.
· Insects are beautiful. I think that all
insects are beautiful, but most people I know will marvel at the iridescence of
a butterfly, but shudder at the striping of a mealworm.
· Most people do not mind butchering insects.
The butchery of insects is very simple compared with that of cattle or poultry,
and nowhere near as gory.·
· Raising insects is environmentally friendly.
They require minimal space per pound of protein produced, have a better feed to
meat ratio than any other animal you can raise, and are very low on the food
chain. They are healthy, tasty, and have been utilized for the entire history
of mankind (after all, it is easier to catch a grub than a mammoth).
· Also, as far as I know, no animal rights
activists object to the eating of insects. You don't need to destroy any
wildlife habitat to eat insects, and you can incorporate insects and earthworms
into a recycling program......vegetable waste in, yummy insect protein out.
O.k., I admit the slight possibility of
disadvantages... The only real problem you may run into while
utilizing insect protein is the lack of social acceptance. That is why we
sensible insect eaters must make it our duty to educate the public about the
value of insect protein. You may encounter widespread disbelief, "You're
kidding me. You don't eat insects!", revulsion "Yuck! You eat
insects!?! ", Press on! Remember, insects are the food of the
future, and you are paving the way for future generations.
Is there a better
name than insect eating?
Why yes, there is. The word is Entomophagy. You would think that a word this
melodious would be in common usage, but sadly this is not the case. In fact,
you probably have never heard this word before (unless you happen to be a
friend). Find ways to interject the word entomophagy in casual conversation, as
in: "Did I ever tell you about the array of culinary options revealed
through the study of entomophagy ?"
Other Random
Entomophagy Factoids
In
case you need a little more persuasion:
There are 1,462 recorded species of edible insects. Doubtless there are
thousands more that simply have not been tasted yet. 100 grams of cricket
contains: 121 calories, 12.9 grams of protein, 5.5 g. of fat, 5.1 g. of
carbohydrates, 75.8 mg. calcium, 185.3 mg. of phosphorous, 9.5 mg. of iron,
0.36 mg. of thiamin, 1.09 mg. of riboflavin, and 3.10 mg. of niacin.
Compare this with ground beef, which, although it contains more protein (23.5
g.), also has 288.2 calories and a whopping 21.2 grams of fat!
How
to Obtain Edible Insects
By far
the most difficult part of attempting any insect recipe is acquiring the
necessary ingredients. Insects are rarely sold in supermarkets, nor, aside from
various novelty items, are there many pre prepared insect food products.
Therefore, those who wish to eat insects must acquire them either by catching
insects in the wild, by buying insects from pet stores or bait shops, or by
raising their own.
Catching insects in the wild, unless you're fortunate enough to live in a rural
area, is a laborious and potentially dangerous task. I advise this type of
insect collection only if you're sure that the insects you're collecting are
edible (doyous...), and that the area where you're collecting is free of
pesticides. Cicadas, field crickets, grasshoppers, grubs, tomato horn worms,
and so forth, are among the edible insects one is likely to find on such
hunting expeditions.
Buying insects is the
easiest way to get edible insects, but it is also the most expensive (ain't it
always the way?). Most pet stores and bait shops carry crickets and mealworms,
two of the most easily raised and prepared insect species. You can also buy
these insects in bulk from various insect suppliers. The only preparation that
you need give to insects acquired in this manner is that of feeding them for a
few days on fresh grain; most insects you buy at bait shops or pet stores have
been eating newspaper, sawdust, or similarly unsavory packing material, which,
while completely harmless, might affect the insect's taste if you ate them
while the material was still in their digestive tract.
Raising insects, in my opinion, is the optimum way of ensuring a steady supply
of palatable insects. While not entirely as convenient as simply popping into
the pet store whenever you need insects, it is far cheaper, more environmentally
friendly, and more rewarding in the long run.
How
to Prepare Insects for Cooking
Those who are accustomed to eating animals
probably know that most animals must be killed, cleaned, and cooked before one
can eat them. The case is similar with insects. While there are many people in
other countries who prefer to eat insects live and raw, and while it is true
that you could probably get the most nutrients that way, I prefer food that
won't crawl off my plate. I have tried eating live ants and mealworms, and in
fact present a "recipe" for live insect consumption below; however, I
would advise that beginning insect eaters start with cooked insects.
To prepare a batch of
crickets or mealworms:
Take the desired quantity of live insects, rinse them off and then pat them
dry. This procedure is easy to do with mealworms, but fairly hard to do with
crickets. To do so with crickets, pour them all into a colander and cover it
quickly with a piece of wire screening or cheesecloth. Rinse them, then dry
them by shaking the colander until all the water drains. Then put the crickets
or mealworms in a plastic bag and put them in the freezer until they are dead
but not frozen. Fifteen minutes or so should be sufficient. Then take them out
and rinse them again. You don't really have to clean mealworms, though if you
want, you can chop off their heads. Cricket's heads, hind legs, and wing cases
can be removed according to personal preference; I like doing so, since cricket
legs tend to get stuck in your teeth. You are now ready to use the insects in
all kinds of culinary treats!
Mealworm Chocolate
Chip Cookies
1/2 cup butter
1/2 cup brown sugar
1/2 cup white sugar
1 egg
1/2 teaspoon vanilla
1 cup all purpose flour
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
1/2 cup oats
1/2 cup chocolate chips
1/4 cup mealworm flour
Cream butter well,
then mix in sugar, egg, vanilla flour, salt, baking soda, chocolate chips,
oats, and mealworm flour. Drop batter by the teaspoonful on a greased cookie
sheet. Bake for 10 minutes at 375 degrees Fahrenheit. This recipe doesn't have
much in the way of palpable insect content, but is an excellent way to
introduce others (or yourself!) to entomophagy. Even many rather squeamish
people will try mealworm cookies, since the cookie format doesn't look
"gross" to most people, and since it is rather difficult to actually
taste the mealworms, though they enrich the cookie with a somewhat nutty flavor
and extra protein.
To make insect flour:
Spread your cleaned insects out on a lightly greased cookie sheet. Set your
oven 200 degrees and dry insects for approximately 1-3 hours. When the insects
are done, they should be fairly brittle and crush easily. Take your dried
insects and put them into a blender or coffee grinder, and grind them till they
are about consistency of wheat germ. Use in practically any recipe! Try
sprinkling insect flour on salads, add it to soups, your favorite bread recipe,
on a boat, with a goat, etc.
Chocolate Covered
Crickets
25 adult crickets
Several squares of semisweet chocolate
Prepare the crickets
as described above. Bake at 250 degrees until crunchy (the time needed
varies from oven to oven). Heat the squares of semi sweet chocolate in a double
boiler until melted. Dip the dry roasted crickets in the melted chocolate one
by one, and then set the chocolate covered crickets out to dry on a piece of
wax paper. Enjoy! This is a little time consuming to make, but definitely worth
it...the crickets are deliciously crunchy!
Ant Brood Tacos
2 tablespoons butter or peanut oil?
1/2 pound ant larvae and pupae
3 serrano chilies, raw, finely chopped
1 tomato, finely chopped
Pepper and Cumin, to taste
Oregano, to taste
1 handful cilantro, chopped
Taco shells, to serve
Heat the butter or
oil in a frying pan and fry the larvae or pupae. Add the chopped onions,
chilies, and tomato, and season with salt. Sprinkle with ground pepper, cumin,
and oregano, to taste. Serve in tacos and garnish with cilantro. (Not living in
an area exceptionally prolific with ants, I have never been able to try this
recipe. But it sounds perfectly delicious! I found it in 'Creepy Crawly
Cuisine', an excellent recipe book.)
"Natural Style"
As many mealworms as
you can sanely eat
Open mouth. Insert live mealworms. Chew. Swallow.
You can eat almost
every kind of edible insect raw; however, this method of eating insects should
only be performed on insects that you keep yourself or know are free from
pesticides. Do not snag passing cockroaches, ants, or termites in an urban area
unless you have developed a natural immunity to pesticides. And don't forget to
wash your insects before eating them!
Raising Mealworms
Raising mealworms (Tenebrio Molitor) is quite easy and recommended for
the beginner. Simply take a flat plastic tub with a lid, fill it with an inch
or so of oats or other grain, put in a slice of potato, carrot or other hard
vegetable as a source of water, and then deposit your mealworms!
Make sure to replace
the slice of potato fairly frequently, otherwise you will be growing mold
instead of mealworms.
The mealworms you get at the store are in their larval stage, and it may be a
few months before they mature into beetles, so be patient. 100 mealworm larvae
is a good colony start if you are not going to be eating them very often. If
you wish to make insect protein a regular part of your diet, you can obtain
mealworms in bulk from reptile food supply companies and start a large colony
(5000 or more is the way to start in this case).
If you have an ant problem in your area, you should float the mealworm tub in a
dish of soapy water to prevent ants from infesting your grain. However, unlike
crickets, mealworms are unlikely to escape unless you are hideously careless.
Raising Crickets
Crickets are quite easy to raise and prepare, and the main problem is making
sure that they don't escape. Crickets can be kept in any fairly large container
with high sides and a tight fitting lid. An aquarium is a good choice. Put a
couple inches of potting soil on the bottom of the container.
This
will be where the crickets deposit their eggs. Put several egg cartons in the
aquarium for the crickets to roost on. Then, place a small container of grains
and vegetable scraps in for food, and a container of moist cotton balls for
water. Add 50-100 crickets. Mist the potting soil lightly every few days, and
make sure that the crickets always have fresh food. You can probably start
harvesting the crickets within a few months.
Crickets are escape artists!!! It
is a good idea to put a rock on top of the lid to ensure that you don't
accidentally knock it off. It is also a good idea to float the container in a
tub of soapy water. Unlike mealworms, it is almost impossible to recapture
crickets once they escape, and crickets may start infesting your house if they
get out while you're on vacation (don't panic, though... they rarely cause any
real damage to food or furnishings). I would really recommend that you start
with mealworms if you are new to insect raising.
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